Human Resources Management Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resources Management - Research Proposal Example Simply put, IHRM is Human Resources Management (HRM) that cuts across national boundaries. It is important that the IHRM policies are congruent with the firm's strategy and its formal and informal structures and controls. IHRM has to ensure that the firm has the right people in the right places at the right times. The task is complicated by profound differences between countries in labor markets, culture, legal and economic system. (Adler 1-7) We will illustrate how the IHRM policies f a multi-national company should be in line with its overall strategy and complement its existing structure and controls by focusing on the staffing policies. The training and development, performance appraisal and compensation policies should be similarly aligned with the overall strategy and consistent with each other. However, because f the constraints on time and space, we have focused only on staffing policies. Broadly classifying, international organizations can be said to have one f the following strategies or models: Multi-domestic, International, Global, and Transnational. These strategies and the structure and controls to implement them are listed in the following table: It is quite obvious that all companies must strive to be transnational. However, becoming transnational is a difficult goal to achieve because the coordination required and thus the costs associated are very high. Now the staffing Now the staffing policy f an IHRM is concerned with selecting individuals - across different countries in which its operations are located - with the requisite skills to do a particular job. Clearly, staffing policies are important tools for developing and promoting a common corporate culture across all nationalities in which the company is present. Culture Shock It refers to the overall sense f difficulty in coping with a foreign locale and sometimes upon retuning home as well. It is also used when employees move from one company to another in their own country, for organizational cultures can vary greatly. According to Philip Harris and Robert Moran, differences in culture (particularly national or ethnic) can be contrasted along the following ten dimensions: 1. Sense f self and space While self-identity and appreciation is shown by a humble demeanor in one culture, another culture exhibits it through macho behavior. While one culture appreciates group cooperation, another might stress independence and creativity. Americans like more physical space between individuals while the Latin and Vietnamese prefer to be much closer. 2. Communication and language Various gestures have different meanings in different countries. Some nations have as many as 15 different languages and within those different dialects, accents, slang and jargon. 3. Dress and appearance Garments and body decorations vary by culture. Examples would include Englishman's bowler and umbrella and the Polynesian sarong. 4. Food and eating habits Selection, preparation and eating habits vary across nations. While beef is a favorite f many Americans, it is forbidden in the Hindu culture. The manner f eating also varies across cultures. Eating with one's hands is customary in some while use f chopsticks or a full set f cutlery is a rule in others. 5. Time and time consciousness The sense f

Reflection essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reflection - Essay Example The American culture has a socially constructed definition for the term â€Å"race† but the very existence of people from mixed race cultures pose a threat to the understanding of the term race. It is really shocking to face the fact that in the very liberal America that we see today, the attitude towards mixed race people has always been negative to such an extent that inter-racial marriages was not even supported based upon the fact they were unnatural and resulted in weak progenies. The Hybrid Degeneracy which says that mixed race people have â€Å"inferior† genes compared to the parental genes, theory lends support to this argument. This somewhat confused me since according to Darwin’s theory mixed genes lends more stability and even though some people think that mixed races would have bad genes, Darwin’s theory makes it clear that mixing of genes is better for human race. Mixed race people were once considered dangerous, immoral and even unfit for the â€Å"superior† white society. However, no such consideration is made against the whites who might be indulged in something familiar as the non-whites. From the perspective of mixed race individuals, it must be really hard to select their allegiance to just one race because of which they are often seen as â€Å"traitors† or â€Å"sell-outs† especially in an hegemonic culture. This creates a problem for an individual’s identity since society compels mixed race people to re-define his identity altogether. The article makes it clear that some people consider â€Å"white race† to be superior and consider the dilution of the genes as something unnatural and this superiority complex compels some people to deny the existence of mixed races in America. The latter part of the reading highlights the fact that â€Å"race† is political, socio-cultural as well as biological in nature. Our society has created a bubble of thought about the

Citizen Kane Essay Example for Free

Citizen Kane Essay The film Citizen Kane (1941), directed and written by Orson Welles and Herman Mankiewicz, is an American film drama that use various film techniques to illustrate themes, attitudes, and the development of a story. Welles use of camera angles, lighting, movement, symbolism and expression allow the audience to comprehend and understand the themes such as power and exploitation that are present in this movie along with many other themes that pertain to the life of the main character, Charles Foster Kane. Many of the filming techniques that are used in this film illustrate Kane and his feelings and transitions through and about his life. Citizen Kane is a film that demonstrates the importance of how simple scene techniques can help develop a story. After viewing the film, the audience comes to understand that the main theme of the movie is centered around the importance of childhood. Throughout the movie, symbolism is used to reinforce the theme. Thompson, the reporter, attempts to figure out the meaning of the word â€Å"rosebud†, Kanes last words before passing away. Kanes life seems to be a mystery to some people, and the word â€Å"rosebud† is that missing piece to Kanes life. Thompson never figures out what â€Å"rosebud† means, but at the end of the movie we see the word â€Å"rosebud† on the sled that was thrown into the fire. At this point the audience understands that rosebud is indeed symbolic of his childhood and the missing piece of his life. Earlier in the movie, Kane is outside playing with that same sled while his parents are discussing a plan to send him away. â€Å"Rosebud† can now be connected to the snow globe which represents his childhood in Colorado. Thomson said that â⠂¬Å"rosebud† was a missing piece in a jigsaw puzzle. He is illustrating that Kane always felt that he lost his childhood and himself. All he had to show for it was that sled and the snow globe. Further importance on the theme of his childhood is illustrated through lighting when Thomson the reporter investigates Tatcher to get a better understanding of Kanes childhood. When he enters the room there is a very distinct, glowing light that is angled in such away that it focuses on a book containing information about Kanes childhood. Right away, we see the importance of Kanes childhood in the developing plot. To further emphasize this importance, when Thomson opens the book, the audience notices the very distinct contrast between the bright light on the book and the dark area surrounding the book. Throughout the movie, the director is hinting to the audience that his childhood is symbolic of something very important which just might be the answer to the question, â€Å" What/who is Rosebud?† By now the audience understands that that Kane was unable to have a normal childhood due to a lack of say and power. This is illustrated using a depth and focus effect. In the early parts of the film there is a scene in which Kane is outside playing while his parents and banker are negotiating his fate. The actors are ordered in such a way that the mother is always in front, followed by the banker, Kanes father, and then Kane. Kanes mother seems to have the power due to her position in this scene. It is important to notice that although Kane is in the far depths, he is still in focus, but with limited power. As we transition through the movie, Kane gains power and is in the front of this scene but there is always depth and focus in the shot to illustrate a hierarchy of power. Another theme in the movie that is reinforced by this technique of depth focusing is relationships. As Kane develops through the movie, the audience recognizes that he is losing his power and his weakness leads to broken relationships. When he takes control of the Inquirer, he is constantly surrounded by people and they are not physically distant from him, but as his status on the hierarchical system dwindles down, he begins to distance himself from others in scenes. When Kane fires Leland, we see a great deal of depth and distance between the two but both remain in focus. In this same scene Bernstein is standing in the doorway at a distance away from Kane but he has no significance. The way the actors are positioned illustrate how Kane is developing as person and with other people around him. When Kane gets taken away by Tatcher at a very young age, his life is transitioning into one of power and corruption. When his employees and partners welcome him for the first time at the Inquirer, all the shots are low angle shots. The angle also makes it seem as though Kane is significantly larger than everyone else in the subsequent scenes. It is as though the audience is looking up to him just as his employees are, illustrating the theme of power that Kane now holds. Exploitation is a theme that begins to develop after Kane has taken control of the Inquirer. His need for power continues to grow and he becomes more and more corrupt. Not only is there corruption within his company, but he comes to exploit other peoples thoughts and ideas. As Kane obtains more power and greed, he gets the idea to run for governor, but in the process he gets exploited in regards to his developing relationship with Susan. This is where the movie transitions from power to weakness. Up until this point there has been many low-angle shots to illustrate Kanes growing power. When Kane loses the election, the film moves transitions into high-angle shots. Prior to anyone even saying that the election was over, the scene setting clearly illustrates that the election was lost. Even though the office looks like it is a mess, it is very empty. No campaign crew, no feeling. The shot then moves to Kane. During this scene Kane speaks with two different people but his face is down and hidden from the audience. The camera is constantly at a low angle illustrating Kanes diminishing power. Furthermore, this is the first scene with Kane in which there is limiting lighting in the room, which reinforces the concept of an empty feeling. As mentioned before, the director uses deep focused shots to illustrate a hierarchy of power. Throughout the movie, deep focused shots are also used to put significance on a specific actor. In the deep focused shots, actors are usually separated by long distances, like in the scene where Kane is talking to Susan across a long corridor with Thompson as the interviewer. When either Kane or Susan speak, the camera shot is always focused in front of them to draw attention to what they are saying. Another technique used to put focus on Kane throughout the movie is by drawing in on Kane by passing through and object or person through a continuous shot. This filming technique is used in the first scene of the movie. The scene begins with the audience closing in on a â€Å"No Trespassing† sign, and then passes through the sign to reveal a house with light coming from one window. This might not be a significant amount of light, but the lighting does illustrate the importance of what lies beyond those windows. The scene continues through a garden, over fences, etc. but the whole time the lighted window stays in the same position, continuously bringing a attention to its significance. Of course as the scene continues it is that of Kane passing away and revealing the mystery which follows throughout the film. The director attempts to always keep the attention on Kane even when it seems as though he is fading out of the discussion. The audience can always find a relationship between the characters of a story/film and the main themes. In the film Citizen Kane, the relationship between the characters and important themes are illustrated by filming techniques that range from camera angles to symbolism. Throughout the movie symbolism played an important role in determining the main theme and what â€Å"rosebud† meant. Kanes development as a person and place in society was illustrated through camera angles, lighting, and depth. These techniques not only assists the audience in understanding Kane, but also understanding other characters and the relationship Kane had with them.

What Is a Gold-Collar Worker? :: Workforce Work Papers

What Is a Gold-Collar Worker? A Higher Level of Knowledge Work. Kelley (1990) described an old distinction that divided the work force into blue-collar and white-collar workers. Blue-collar workers typically did manual labor in a factory for hourly pay, whereas white-collar workers did knowledge work in an office on salary. However, changes in the nature of work and the workplace have led to large growth in the numbers of a particular kind of knowledge worker—the gold-collar worker, whose most valuable assets are problem-solving abilities, creativity, talent, and intelligence; who performs nonrepetitive and complex work that is difficult to evaluate; and who prefers self-management. The gold-collar worker is, for example, the computer engineer as opposed to a lower-level knowledge worker such as an input operator. Kelley pointed out that even though the name is new, there have always been gold-collar workers like designers, researchers, analysts, engineers, and lawyers. Learning, Teams, and Strategic Thinking. Wood (2001) characterized gold-collar workers in information technology (IT) similarly by focusing on qualitative matters. Gold-collar IT workers learn continually from experience. They recognize the synergy of teams and can demonstrate leadership; they are strategic thinkers who see the big picture and can change strategic directions when necessary. They have a portable, flexible skill base relevant to a variety of work environments and maintain that skill base through their own personal development, with well-connected networks of contacts at the leading edge. Interdisciplinary Knowledge. Where business and science intersect, the basic focus of the gold-collar worker is interdisciplinary knowledge and experience (Bartlett 1998; Todaro 2001; Van Nierop and Bow 1997). This interdisciplinary focus combines scientific or other technical knowledge and skills with business literacy to result in a gold-collar worker with expertise across several areas. Gold-collar engineers, chemists, biologists, physicists, or geoscientists understand the relationship between their scientific discipline and business, have the management and financial knowledge needed for a business environment, and can "marry" science and entrepreneurship. Other Characterizations. Roe (2001) called the gold-collar worker "a highly skilled multidisciplinarian who combines the mind of the white-collar worker with the hands of the blue-collar employee" (p. 32); examples include aircraft systems maintenance technicians, network administrators, and advanced manufacturing technicians. A similar case would be online customer service representatives (CSRs), for whom managing customer relationships now involves not only oral communication but also text-based Internet chat and e-mail about tough questions not answered in frequently asked questions or canned e-mail responses (Dicksteen 2001).

Amendment for Protection of the American Flag

As Americans, we live in a nation that provides unlimited opportunity and freedom that is unparalleled in the history of the human experience. Through it all, the flag of our country has stood as a symbol of that freedom and opportunity. Men and women have died to protect it and Americans from all walks of life have sacrificed a great deal to freely display it. However, all of this is countered with a frightening fact- The Constitution of the United States of America promotes desecration of the flag through the protection of flag burning as an expression of free speech (Goldstein, 1994).Therefore, the Constitution cries out for an amendment to protect the flag at all costs because without protection of the very symbol of freedom, the underlying democracy will in time fall by the wayside as well. This should not be taken as a harbinger of the end of democracy, however. In this speech, the following main points will be discussed: †¢ There are far too many cases of flag desecration , as will be proven by statistics †¢ The problem of flag desecration will not go away by itself, so action is needed†¢ Without action, the freedom that the flag represents will go up in flames like the abused flags themselves II. NEED STEP: Flag Desecration is Far Too Common The disrespect that has been shown the flag of the United States, in the most extreme cases, involves the flag being burned. While this makes an excellent photo opportunity for the media, the other examples of disrespect that the flag has been shown in recent years is far more common and degrading than an outright burning.Specific examples of this disrespect include the perversion of the flag under the excuse that the flag is being used for artistic purposes and therefore is legitimate as artistic expression, such as the use of the flag as a canvas upon which pornographic scenes are painted, use of the flag as offensive products such as the Old Glory Condoms offered online for sale, and the presentatio n of destruction of the flag in plays and movies, disguised as an essential part of the plot (Chu, et al, 2003).All of this is reinforced by powerful organizations like the American Civil Liberties Union that use their clout in courts of law to defend those who come under legal scrutiny because of their flag abusing activities (Arbuckle, 2003). Because there are so many perversely innovative ways to disgrace the American flag, the problem of desecration will not go away by itself; rather, evidence suggests that it will only get worse.Therefore, ways to protect the flag must exist. III. SATISFACTION STEP: There are Ways to Protect the Flag It would seem that the flag should be protected from those that would casually destroy it for their own benefit. So, how can this be accomplished? First, the implementation of a Constitutional amendment to ban the desecration of the American flag must take place, regardless of the weak excuses that have been offered to legitimize it.The justificati on for such an amendment lies in an important distinction between freedom of expression and freedom of conduct. The Constitution provides for the right of the individual to express themselves freely, which gives the impression that one is given the freedom to speak freely, peacefully assemble, challenge the government if they perceive that injustice exists, and the other rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights and elsewhere.However, there is a limit on conduct, constitutionally speaking. No one is given the right to act out in any way that they’d like. Therefore just as one would not be permitted to assault an individual with whom they disagreed, no one should be allowed to, in essence, assault the flag if they disagree with the government, or for any other purpose (Foerstel 1997). When and only when the Constitution bans the destruction of the flag will we see a total protection of the freedoms that the flag represents.IV. VISUALIZATION STEP: Without Protection, Democracy Su ffers If the flag is not protected, it would seem that it would only be the beginning of a wholesale sacrifice of all of the freedoms that have been provided by our founding fathers, protected with the blood of many of our best and brightest citizens, and laid out in the Constitution. It will only be through an amendment of that very Constitution that the flag is safe.If the flag is not safe, it is entirely possible that from that point the powerful ACLU and other organizations like it will use their power to make it acceptable for other unacceptable actions to be condoned under the guise of expression of freedom, such as illegal drug use, child abuse, and the like. The awful possibilities are truly endless. Simply put if we do not constitutionally protect the flag, a free-for-all will likely result as the other rules of civil conduct, one by one, are subsequently challenged and defeated. In the end result, only those with the money and power will have their agendas-for better or wo rse- advanced.Anarchy and evil will prevail without solid regulations to prevent such occurrences. V. ACTION STEP: Everyone Needs to Get Involved Sadly, the ultimate sacrifices that Americans have made in the name of freedom, from the hills of Lexington and Concord to the deserts of Iraq and Afghanistan, are likely to continue as long as the American nation exists. However aside from these valiant efforts, everyone who loves democracy and freedom must get involved in the effort to protect the American flag. There are several ways for the common person to personally solve the problem of flag desecration:First, support for the Constitutional amendment must exist. Citizens should take advantage of their freedom of expression to speak out in support of this effort. The circulation of petitions to gain the support of others will go a long way to appeal to elected officials about the importance of the amendment. Likewise, soliciting these elected officials to speak publically in support o f the amendment would be an excellent method. From the sacred point of view, church groups should also gather together regardless of religious affiliation to make a difference (Wall, 1995).Speaking out and organizing will be the best way to facilitate a flag protection amendment. VI. CONCLUSION: Summing it Up In an age where traditions and symbols are being discarded one by one, the flag must be protected at all costs; if not, the bloodshed in the past will all be in vain. Sadly, as has been discussed, the flag is sacrificed for profit, personal interests and entertainment- basically, the slimmest of reasons. Thus, the call goes out to everyone to be vocal, solicit flag protection from their friends and neighbors as well as elected officials, and never give up.The America that our children and grandchildren ultimately inherit is the one that we create today. We owe it not only to ourselves but also to generations yet unknown to us to preserve liberty, and justice for all. The task b efore us is clear- if we protect the flag, the flag will ultimately protect us! Works Cited Arbuckle, M. R. (2003). Vanishing First Amendment Protection for Symbolic Expression 35 Years after United States V. O'Brien. Communications and the Law, 25(2), 1+. Chu, J. , & Couper, D. P. (2003). The Flag and Freedom. Social Education, 67(6), 327+.Foerstel, H. N. (1997). Free Expression and Censorship in America An Encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Goldstein, R. J. (1994, July 18). This Flag Is Not for Burning: Snuffing out Symbolic Speech. The Nation, 259, 84+. Goldstein, R. J. (1995). Saving Old Glory: The History of the American Flag Desecration Controversy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence. Retrieved November 22, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. worldofspeech. com/speech1/monroe. html Wall, J. M. (1995, July 19). Flag-Burning Revisited. The Christian Century, 112, 699.

How to improve english

Therefore It Is really Important to improve English skills because It Is never too late. People who are not very keen on writing English. even for them it can be a good start. Adrian: It Is very Important to start writing English as much as possible. There are some ways of improving english such as reading. tching movie or even listening to music, This should be included In the dally task and after doing It for a long time It becomes a habit and then the person will realize how he or she is going towards betterment. but each of them has their strength and weaknesses. Actually, learning English Is not as difficult as you think. YouVe got to commit yourself if you want to be successful. Jimmy: I remember what my lecturer told me that If you're lazy or not interested in learning English, you'll never break through yourself.I really want to be able to read, write and speak well in English because English Is uite important as the international language nowadays. Ya. It'll be useful when I would Ilke to geta good job or go overseas to carry on my studies or work. Okay. First of all, you must read more English materials. such as magazines and newspapers. ‘Ofs Not only that, English textbooks, instructions and ingredients on food packages, advertisements are also important. Jazali: When people write, they usually use â€Å"correct† English with a proper grammatical structure. Ya, This is not always true when people speak.That's why. So, by reading, you can learn grammatical English naturally. I Just saw an article, it says that If you choose something to read that you like, it can actually be interesting and enjoyable. Well, this came across my mind. If you like to read about football in your own language, why not read about football in English right? Ya, I agree with you. You will get information about football and improve your English at the same time. But guys, you wont have a direct impact on your speech improvement. written English differs greatly fro m English used in actual live conversations.Sometimes, Written English tends to be more formal and isn't packed with phrasal erbs like everyday English! to make English phrase, word, or word chunk stick in your mind for later use in a conversation, you need to repeat it a good number of times. Don't forget guys, You basically need to repeat the phrase and memorize it doesn't happen when you read an English fiction book! – and it By the way, music is also a fun way to work on your listening. Learn the most effective way to do it and about the challenges you face learning from music.If you love music, Music will teach you useful phrases and collocations, help you to remember new ords and old, improve your pronunciation and sharpen your listening. Hey, Zhen hao what are you doing? Im Finding lyrics. Half of a good song is what the words mean. Songs are about something. But before you can fgure out what a singer means, find out what she or he is saying. Yes, Songs are utterly dif ferent†and usually deeper, cooler and more poetic†when you know what your favourite singers are really saying. So, find the lyrics to your favourite songs, print them out and work to understand what they mean.Not only finding lyrics, u need to sing along too. In the shower, around the house or at your local karaoke box, it will help your English get better and better. You pronunciation will improve, and you will remember more and more new English. However, there are some adverse on listening English song too. Nowadays the songs getting varies through the country. Some lyrics of the songs may contain of verbal words. Yaya! Like the song sang by Akon, ‘l Just had a sexl The music video of the songs also may contain of adult content such as naked and this is not suitable for young people or child to watch.Everyone *laugh* The music video of the songs also may contain of adult content such as naked and this is not suitable for young people or child to watch. On the oth er hand, the lyric's spelling on screen also might not accurate. the true spelling. So, This could be a disadvantage of learning English by music. Hey don't forget, my hobby, watching movies also will improve English. Haha.. Watching movies is a great way for you to improve your English, especially your listening and speaking skills. Films are not usually created for English language learners – they are made for native English speakers.Films are not usually created for English language learners – they are made for native English speakers. It is not a good idea to use this as your only method of learning English; it is much more advisable to study at an English school. However, I would definitely recommend all English language students to watch films in English in their spare time for additional practice that you might not get in a classroom. I agree with u Zhen hao, It helps to take the language away from the artificial classroom norm, which helps us because they get t o see/hear the language in a more natural setting.Other than that, watching movies will not only improve your listening ability, but will help you a lot on your spoken English, espcially our English intonation. Besides, when you watch a movie, you can also learn the culture reflected in the movie. But some of the parents will get mad or angry if their children wasting more time on movies. I don't think so Jimmy, this is my own experience. I like watching movies very much and it's really helpful for my English study. I really recommand you watch some typical movies. And You can watch movies and TV programs with English subtitles as ell.That helps a lot. I really think that it depends on what movies we are watching! If they are watching movies that are grammatically incorrect, I cannot see how that's going to help them with the English language. We can watch movies from the fiftys and sixtys, those movies were make with proper grammar in mind. for conclusion, So far i still strongly r ecommend you to watch more movies because it really helps to improve English. How do you think everyone, Agree with it? Yes, I agree. watching movies can be very beneficial.

My Experience of Teamwork in a Charity Event Research Paper Example

My Experience of Teamwork in a Charity Event Research Paper Example My Experience of Teamwork in a Charity Event Paper My Experience of Teamwork in a Charity Event Paper In a previous assignment (P2) I did A report on own contributions to a specific team activity relating to health and social care. The activity that took place was comic relief day in school. It was a school fundraising day where many different activities took place to raise money for children in need that are unfortunate and need help in the most basic needs, for example providing water, food and shelter. The charity event was able to raise  £960 to help vulnerable children. The different activities that took place were raffles, sponging teachers, cake sale and clothes sale. My contributions to the activity were Effective communication Selling clothes Collecting money Teamwork can have great success and within the event that I will be discussing which was a fundraising for comic relief all the members within the team where able to influence the success of the activity. The main success of the activity was the mass amount of money we raised which was  £960. This was such an achievement and the whole team was overwhelmed when they realised all our contributions put together allowed us to achieve more than we expected. There are however many barriers that do come in the way of when teams work as a group that can have implications of the success of the activity. But the issues can be overcome through full cooperation and also if I adapted my contributions I could also make a difference and enhance the success of the activity. During the activity there where many changes that I could have made to enhance the success of the activity. When all the individuals in the group put together their contributions they are easily able to show that the activity can be a success. However sometimes the contributions do need to be altered a little to make a further succession. Effective communication In assessing the first contribution in influencing the success of the activity communication is one of the most influential parts in working as part of a team. Effective communication needs to be effective in creating an understanding for everyone within the team. I was able to show effective communication through being clear and making sure I do not create any barriers of communication such as making team members amuse my information. Also understanding the different forms of communication and interpersonal interaction helped me in being able to break any barriers of communication. Being able to flow the communication cycle helped me in having a precise aim and a precise outcome that helped in the communication being clear and effective. This had a great success on the activity as I was able to show that I understood information given to mere and was able to give the right feedback. This also stopped me in mumbling or not getting all the information across during team get together or when interacting with people during the activity. The communication cycle this theory that was found by Charles Berner is an excellent way of showing how a person makes sense of communication in the mind. However in assessing how my communication influenced the activity in a negative way was that I was unable to show full effective communication due to having a lack of eye contact with individuals and also not holding a good posture. Also my first impressions on the team did have an effect on the success of the team and my contributions due to me not being on time on the first team gathering. Following the theory of communication found by Michael Argyle (1925-2002) would have helped me in overcoming these communication barriers. Making a first impression is very important as studies have shown that within the first 2 seconds of meeting a person an individual makes their judgments on how they see them. Michael Argyle stated that information can be conveyed through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behaviour this shows that first impressions are always important in how the team would see me and is also a form of effective communication. Due to me having a shy personality this affected the posture I held when I was participating in the activity. Postures can send a variety of messages. Posture can be used to determine a participant’s degree of attention or involvement for example standing slouched would show that the individual does not care. Posture can also show the openness of an individual standing with arms flowed can stand for a barrier in the way of them being able to communicate effectively. Unfortunately I was holding my hands together and had my shoulders low in other words I was very closed off from all the other team members. The recommendation that could be given in the contribution of providing effective communication to make it success would be to give team members training to understand the ways information is conveyed in the most effective way. Training would allow me to be able to understand the importance in effective communication and how much it can affect the success of the activity. For example if I had better communication skills I may have been able to draw more people in to the stalls and this would have encouraged individuals buying more items that would have raised more money. Also flowing Argyles nonverbal communication would also be another recommendation that would allow me to influence the activity in a positive aspect. Nonverbal communication is the process of sending and receiving messages from another person. These messages can be conveyed through gestures, engagement, posture, and even clothing and hygiene. Nonverbal communication can convey a very different message than a verbal conversation and therefor needing to prefect both forms is a great importance. Effective communication can be very difficult to achieve however once the barriers are overcome and understood in how to overcome them communication can be extremely effective and be able to help the group achieve the most they can. Selling clothes In assessing another one of my contributions to the group was sell clothes that had been donated to the school by the pupils and staff. I had to sell the items for different amounts of money depending on what they were worth. The lowest the pieces went where 50p and the highest was  £5.00. At first I did think it would be difficult and was apprehensive about whether or not people would by the clothes that where collected. However the generosity of people was overwhelming as a majority of people bought a least one item. There were great benefits in selling clothes as I was able to raise  £57.00. another benefit of selling clothes is that it did not only benefit the charity through money but the individuals who bought them also benefited hugely as some of them where less fortunate and having good standard clothes for a maximum of 5.00 helped them hugely. Also the individuals who donated the clothes also said that they felt so happy that they could donate these clothes to the charity and help raise money rather than through them away. Selling clothes also helped me in building my confidence in money and talking to individuals. However in another assessment of selling clothes there were also negative issues that did affect the amount of clothes that where purchased. Even though  £57.00 is a lot, more could have been achieved. The clothing sold where not varied and therefor this did cause bad influence on the success of the activity. Also due to the school being multi-cultural there were issues that there was not a variety of cultural clothes that did lead to a form of discrimination. Also the way that I had placed the clothes around the stall did not show any presentation which also may have deterred individual’s way from the stall. In assessing another issue that was create through the conflict of the clothes selling was the conflict between student and staff as the pupils wanted to go around to all the activities but there was no time left. Another bad point is that some of the clothes were not clean and therefor this could have also been a health and safety hazards. This led to some team members feel secluded due to not having there say. At first we were able to show that they were able to get together and decide with the clothes that would be sold however as the activity went on some individual began to feel a lot more distant with the team and this did cause problems. This is a similar issue stated by Bruce Tuckman (1975) who created the theory of stages of group development. Tuckman believed that groups go through 4 different stages that allow the group to be fully formed. However the Tuckmans theory allows the group to see that after the barriers and the problems they can come together and preform in the task. Linking this with my contribution of selling the clothes it is clear that once the group came together and overcame the issues for example not having a variety of clothing or having them too expensive or to cheap would have a positive influence on the success of the activity. The recommendation that I would have on my own contributions is that I would have tried and putting different clothing in my clothes stall that consisted of different cultural clothing. For example a changshan, qipao which are Chinese clothes or langa/paawada Indian clothing. This would have benefited in promoting anti -discrimination and also may have given me a better chance in raising more money with having a variety of clothing that would appeal to all cultures. Clothing can be a very nice way to get individuals to see and experience wearing different clothing. Collecting money Another one of my contributions to the activity was to collect the money that was needed to be given in by every child that wore their own clothes. I went to every class room from year 1 to year 6 and made sure that all the pupils wearing their own clothes did pay a minimum of  £1.00. This task was not difficult at all as the money was already placed in an envelope and the resister was ticked if they had paid and a cross if they had not. In assessing this contribution I was able to make sure that every person who wore their own clothes did bring in  £1.00. Also having this contribution helped me in being able to support the staff in being organised. Another benefit of collecting the money is that it made sure the younger children in the school did not lose the money so I started this contribution at the start of the day. In another assessment of this contribution is that some people within the team did not feel trustworthy on me and believed that I could take the money. The reason behind this was because individuals felt that they did not know me and therefor how could they trust me with their money. Therefor I should have been with another person to create more trust with the pupils and also this would reassure them that I would not take the money. However once the money was collected I was astonished with the amount of money collected just due to the students wearing their own clothes. This showed great commitment level we were all able to succeed as we worked hard in committing to the team and being reliable. When all the money was collected I felt so enthusiastic about how much it would help children in need and due to being part of the team I felt that I had a part to playing in being able to gain that amount of money. The humanistic approach shows the way that I felt. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow came up with the humanistic theory (1934) that shows that a healthy mental attitude is dependent on taking personal responsibility, recognising the existence of free will, and striving towards personal growth and fulfilment. Feeling fulfilled is a human instinctive. The recommendation that will fit nicely with this contribution would be planning. If I planned how to collect the money and get another member of the group to help me in collecting the money I would have had better success with this contribution. Planning would allow me to set out the priorities and make sure that I as fully organised. Planning is fundamental during an activity and I should have planned how to collect the money that would have allowed me to reduce the risk of some students feeling unease about giving their money to me. Also getting resources such as a locked charity box would have helped me in breaking the barriers of me steeling the money and also making sure that none of the money was lost. Another recommendation made for my own contributions in being reliable I would in the future try to show my reliability. As some members of the group did not relay on me as much due to feeling that I was not available because I never told them that I could do certain tasks. Also having the right posture and communicating in the right tone would also have a profound effect on the success of the activity due to breaking down any barriers that I would feel. Remembering to go through the stages in all the theories mentioned above would help in reaching self-actualisation which is the overall outcome of achieving the goal of the activity. Overall assessing my contributions to the team there clear understands that there are positive and negative influences on the activity. When working as a team I have learnt that to achieve the success of the teamwork and the goals there are some process seen in the theories such as the Tuckman’s theory or Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are fundamental to be able to achieve the activity to the full potential. This activity was a great event that allowed our team to grow in teamwork and be able to raise a huge sum of money for children in need. The recommendation mentioned are there to be done in the future when I will come across a teamwork effort again. Making targets for the future such as the recommendations allow me to understand in the parts of the activity that I lacked in and parts that I did success in so in future events I am more capable in achieving the task or the event.